O percurso categorial da natureza e da história: pertinência para os estudos sobre o ser social e sua corporeidade no âmbito da Educação Física / The categorical path of nature and history: relevance for studies on the social being and its corporeality in the scope of Physical Education / El camino categórico de la naturaleza y la historia: relevancia para los estudios sobre el ser social y su corporeidad en el ámbito de la Educación Física

O presente trabalho acompanha o desenvolvimento das categorias natureza e história no pensamento filosófico-social ocidental até o século XVIII. O estudo centrado nestas categorias as entendem como importantes pressupostos para uma ontologia do ser social marxiana-lukasciana. Também entende como necessária a revisão da elaboração destes fundamentos para se compreender o corpo e a corporeidade humana constituídos no complexo relacional destas categorias. Conclui-se que a antinomia entre o natural e histórico-social neste período não possui resoluções concretas e satisfatórias para o entendimento do complexo, mas é possível observar a tentativa de cisão e superação da natureza pelo espírito racional.

This present paper follows the development of the nature and history categories in Western social-philosophical thought until the 18th century. The study focused on these categories, understanding them as important assumptions for a Marxian-Lukascian ontology of social being. It is also understood as necessary to review the elaboration of these foundations in order to understand the human body and corporeality constituted in the relational complex of these categories. It is concluded that the antinomy between the natural and the historical-social in this period does not have concrete and satisfactory resolutions for the understanding of the complex, but it is possible to observe the attempt to split and overcome nature by the rational spirit.

Este ensayo sigue el desarrollo de las categorías naturaleza e historia en el pensamiento socio-filosófico occidental hasta el siglo XVIII. El estudio centrado en estas categorías, las entiende como presupuestos importantes para una ontología del ser social presente en la obra de Marx, Engels y Lukács. Entiende también como necesaria, la revisión de la elaboración de estos fundamentos para comprender el cuerpo y la corporeidad humana constituida en el complejo relacional de estas categorías. Se concluye que la antinomia entre lo natural y lo histórico-social en este período no tiene resoluciones concretas y satisfactorias para la comprensión del complejo, pero es posible observar el intento de escisión y superación de la naturaleza por parte del espíritu racional.

Expression and significance of IL-21 in patients infected with hepatitis B virus at different stages / 实用医学杂志

Objective To determine the expression of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its association with HBV-DNA and ALT. Methods Clinical dates and blood specimen were collected from 25 unrelated healthy controls (HC) and 101 independent chronic HBV infected patients, including 25 patients in immune tolerant phase (IT), 25 in immune clearance phase (IC), 26 patients in inactive HBV carrier state (IA) and 25 patients in immune reactive phase (IR). Serum IL-21 levels were measured by Cytometric Bead Array (CBA). IL-21 mRNA and IL-21 receptor mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Results Chronic HBV-infected patients had higher levels of serum IL-21 and IL-21 mRNA , with P <0.001 for both. In subgroup analysis, both serum IL-21 and IL-21 mRNA levels in IC, IR were higher than those in IT, IA and HC (all P < 0.001). Serum IL-21 level in IA was higher than that in HC and IT (P <0.001, P = 0.036). IL-21R mRNA levels were different between groups. Serum IL-21 level was associated with HBV-DNA (r = -0.472, P < 0.001), but not with ALT. Conclusion IL-21, up-regulated in chronic HBV infection, is associated with immune activity and may play a key role in HBV control.

A new strategy for medical therapy of Crohn's disease: the top-down approach / 肠外与肠内营养

Altering the natural history of disease has been the goal of medical therapy for Crohn's Disease (CD) in recent years. The conventional approach has been thestep-up therapy. With the introduction of biological agents (such as infliximab) , there is growing evidence that the top-down approach is justified in a subgroup of high-risk patients. The new algorithms is not only associated with superior clinical remission rates, but also may have the potential to alter the natural history of the disease, including inducing mucosal healing, reducing the rate of complications, surgeries and mortality. Further study will have to determine which subgroup of patients will benefit most from this early aggressive biological therapy approach.

A new strategy for medical therapy of Crohn's disease:the top-down approach / 肠外与肠内营养

Altering the natural history of disease has been the goal of medical therapy for Crohn's Disease(CD) in recent years.The conventional approach has been the "step-up" therapy.With the introduction of biological agents (such as infliximab),there is growing evidence that the "top-down" approach is justified in a subgroup of high-risk patients.The new algorithms is not only associated with superior clinical remission rates,but also may have the potential to alter the natural history of the disease,including inducing mucosal healing,reducing the rate of complications,surgeries and mortality.Further study will have to determine which subgroup of patients will benefit most from this early aggressive biological therapy approach.